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Emerging Trends in Online Learning
With life-altering changes such as the coronavirus pandemic, educators and trainers had to rally quickly for innovative and new ways to deliver learning opportunities outside the traditional classroom. Keep reading to learn more about the more popular emerging trends in online training and education.
“You can’t teach people everything they need to know. The best you can do is position them where they can find what they need to know when they need to know it.” Seymour Papert, MIT mathematician, educator, and computer scientist
Introduction to Online Learning
Online learning is a much more popular and acceptable choice in today’s complex world providing individuals access to education using digital technology (Moore, Dickson-Dean, & Gaylen, 2011). Instructional designers and educators must become more creative and innovative to meet the needs of all types of learner preferences and have a rudimentary understanding of technology to prepare for this phase of learning (Morris, 2011). Due to the rapid growth of online learning, it is imperative to understand how students who must navigate the complexities of learning online can build their knowledge successfully (Ghazal, Al-Samarraie, & Wright, 2019; 2020). Let’s review some popular online emerging trends and best practices.
Massively Open Online Course (MOOC)
Description
Alexander and Cormier coined the term MOOC in 2008 (Parr, 2013). MOOCs are free of geographical boundaries, accommodate many learners, and usually do not require prerequisites. MOOCs began in higher education and are now an attractive corporate employee training option (Dodson, Kitburi, & Berge, 2015). MOOCs provide an experienced-centered design geared toward 21st-century learners (Freitas, Morgan, & Gibson, 2015). Many thought MOOCs a temporary hype without any substance, but many universities across Australia, Europe, Asia, and North American are adopting MOOCs (Baggaley, 2013).
Best practices in designing MOOC courses include (Julia, Peter, & Marco, 2010):
- The instructional designer’s focus should be on the richness of student-content interaction, including games, simulations, and feedback during quizzes where students can apply their knowledge.
- Analyze scalable best practices across different learning activities on various complexity levels.
- Provide hints during or after a learning activity in the form of content hints or processes.
Click on the infographic links to learn more about MOOCs.
The Pros and Cons of Open Education: This infographic provides the pros and cons of open education, common features of available education, demographics, and future hurdles. Also identified are major open education players, the rationalization for open online education, more common features of open education, statistics of whether open education is removing barriers to higher education, and more (Yao, 2014).
https://elearninginfographics.com/pros-cons-open-education-infographic/
Educational MOOC Opportunities: Here are some of the more popular MOOCs and their links.
Coursera: Coursera’s tag line is “Learn Without Limits.” Coursera collaborates with leading universities and companies worldwide offering students videos, quizzes, assignments, explanations of online learning concepts, master learning topics, and peer assessment (Mallon, 2013). Students can achieve their goals by learning the latest skills, career development, and even earn a degree.
edX: Massachusetts Institute of Technology offers many free courses from prestigious institutions such as Harvard University, University of Texas System, and University of California Berkeley (Mallon, 2013). edX’s tag line is “restless learners change the world,” with over 558,604 students online as of April 2021. edX currently has a partnership with more than 160 member universities.
Udacity: Udacity is a free digital university offering many courses in physics, computer science, and statistics. Learners can complete the courses at their own pace and receive a certificate of completion (Mallon, 2013). Udacity offers a fast and effective way to gain “job-ready expertise.” School offerings are in cybersecurity, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, programming, business, data science, and autonomous systems.
http://www.udacity.com
Here is a YouTube video that provides a short explanation about MOOCs, including the definition and a brief MOOC history. MOOCs provide learners with a new approach to learning in a collaborative learning environment that includes student engagement rather than just completing assignments. The purpose of the MOOC is to create an opportunity where anyone anywhere can obtain the information needed (Zhou, 2017).
Artificial Intelligence
Description
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the hottest eLearning trends to reform higher education models to realize student individualization and diversification development (Xiao & Yi, 2021). AI technology personalizes learning using algorithms to collect learner data such as proficiency, interests, strengths, and weaknesses (Luckin & Cukurova, 2019). The content is highly customized to create a more personalized learning experience by analyzing the student’s information (Lai, Geczy, Baltes, Yang, Luan, Gobert, & Ogata, 2020).
Best practices using AI in the educational setting include:
- Understanding traditional teaching methodologies are no longer effective and the importance of developing new methods such as AI for personalized learning (Xiao & Yi, 2021)
- Account for the fact that AI is here to stay and will continue to impact the technology design for education and training (Luckin & Cukurova, 2019)
- Linking the importance of an institution’s performance as directly related to student success and the importance of adopting AI as an eLearning option (Alyahyan & Dutegor, 2020)
- Processing performance indicators to collect and analyze data to determine the effectiveness of the proposed methodology (Cho, Song, Comuzzi, & Yoo, 2017)
Click on the infographic links to learn more about the use of Artificial Intelligence in education
The State of AI in Education: This infographic demonstrates how AI is becoming an integral part of education, challenges faced in educational settings, and future innovations. Ways that AI can enhance education include analyzing class teaching, providing online tutoring services, individualized learning programs, and automated grading systems for multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions. The infographic also provided many AI benefits (Lai, Geczy, Baltes, Yang, Luan, Gobert, & Ogata, 2020).
https://infographicplaza.com/the-state-of-ai-in-education/
Artificial Intelligence in Digital Learning: This infographic explains how AI can amplify digital learning efforts, maximize learning potential, and the results learning and development professionals can expect over time. The many ways AI helps enhance digital learning include analyzing learner behavior, automating content scheduling, and boosting learning return on investment. Data demonstrates how AI and learning and development work together and anticipated results that provide a competitive advantage (Paschek, Luminosu, & Draghici, 2017).
https://www.docebo.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-digital-learning-infographic/
AI YouTube Video:
This YouTube video by Dr. Bernhard Schindlholze provides the implication of the ability of technology to do more with less through artificial intelligence and machine learning. Dr. Schindlholze explores our society’s challenges to our economy and how to address those challenges by questioning our education system’s established norms (Zawacki-Richter, Marín, Bond, & Gouverneur, 2019).
Gamification
Description
Many students find traditional education boring and ineffective (Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, & Angelova, 2015). Living in an era where technology shapes the way we think, learn, and live, game-based learning is one of the hottest trends transforming education (Cheng, She, & Annetta, 2015). Gamified teaching is a pedagogical strategy to engage learners through gameful educational experiences (Brunvand & Hill, 2019). Best practices in classroom application include setting up point systems, precise rules, rewards, punishments, and competitions (Hitchens & Tulloch, 2018). Significant challenges in creating an overall system include the user’s skillsets, experiences, and desires (Bellotti, Bottino, Fernández-Manjón, & Nadolski, 2014).
Best Practices for game-based learning include:
- Use game-based knowledge to increase the student’s stimulus to think and create meaning (Jabbar & Felicia, 2015).
- Consider using a pre-test to determine if the game-based learning results in learning gained as a result of the intervention (All, Castellar, & Van Looy, 2016).
- Connect the game to offer direct connections to the course content and focus on learning, not technology (McDaniel & Telep, 2009).
- Repurpose existing games to target the curriculum’s specific learning objectives (Burgos, Tattersall, & Koper, 2007).
Click on the infographic links to learn more about Game-based Learning.
Gamification Trends in 2020: This infographic identified 5 Gamification trends in 2020 packed with tips and ideas for using Gamification in education, training, and development. Suggestions include using Gamification for skill-building and proficiency, provides on-the-job learning and application, and influences behavior change. Gamification can also be used to accelerate adoption with an increase in microlearning and mobile learning (Gamification 2020 global emerging trends, 2020).
https://elearninginfographics.com/gamification-trends-in-2020/
Gamification YouTube Video: The Power of Gamification in Education | Scott Hebert | TEDxUAlberta
This video provides a short explanation of Gamification. Scott Herbert, a Fort Saskatchewan, Canada teacher, addresses how educational systems are experiencing an engagement crisis and provides tips on how to solve that crisis using the teaching methodology of Gamification. Herbert has received local, provincial, and global attention in his unique approach to student gamification (Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, & Angelova, 2015).
Video-based Learning
Description
Learning with video is a great way to increase productive online student engagement (Seo, Dodson, Harandi, Roberson, Fels, & Roll, 2021). As well as providing variety, videos help students gain a great understanding of the learning concept. Different modalities such as videos can deepen and solidify student learning. There is mounting evidence for the use of online video for both blended and online courses (Allen & Seaman, 2016). Popular video platforms include YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, and Perioscope (Joly, 2016).
Best practices for video-based training include:
- Enhance video use by maximizing student engagement, promote active learning, and enrich the learning experience toward the desired learning outcome (Brame,2016).
- Carefully choose the video and ensure students can easily locate important information within the video when taking an exam (Seo et al., 2021).
- Properly set up the video before showing it and allow students an opportunity to process what they’ve watched as part of the learning experience (Seo et al., 2021).
Click on the infographic link to learn more about video-based learning.
Designing Effective eLearning Infographic: Many organizations face challenges in creating effective eLearning that captures learners’ attention and engages them in new and effective ways to make the learning stick. This infographic offers instructional designer tips for effective eLearning design best practices. Some areas to consider are understanding client requirements, knowing one’s audience, and defining learning outcomes (Creating web-based training step-by-step guide to designing effective E-learning, 2002).
https://elearninginfographics.com/effective-elearning-infographic-designing/
Here is a YouTube video that provides 8 examples of video-based learning.
There are many benefits to incorporating video-based learning tools than bringing versatility and variety to deliver, engage, and provide a unique learner experience. A few examples include using animated video graphics featuring an infographic to give a brief synopsis of the key concept and story-based videos or scenarios to teach and reflect on key learning topics.
Blended Learning
Description
Blended learning combines different training media to include activities and technology to create an optimum training experience (Ates, 2010). Blended learning provides traditional classroom and e-learning methods and is a student-centered approach upon which the instructor places the responsibility for learning upon the student (Montgomery, Mousavi, Carbonaro, Hayward, & Dunn, 2019). The student collaborates with classmates. The instructor focuses on problem-solving, class discussion, cooperative learning, and writing exercises in this environment.
Best practices for student-based learning include:
- Teacher flexibility and responsiveness, engaging students in learning tasks and using assessment in instruction (Anthony, 2019)
- Examine learner characteristics and backgrounds when designing a pedagogical approach (Kintu, Zhu, & Kagambe, 2017)
- Student perspectives for best practices include setting the stage on the first day of class; consistency with team teaching, reviewing online material during class, provide flexible technology, incorporate student feedback in the course; accountability, and structured learning (Margolis, Porter, & Pitterle, 2017)
Click on the infographic links to learn more about blended learning
Classroom Training and eLearning – Why Blending Them is the Right Choice: This infographic provides the strengths and limitations of classroom training and eLearning, the characteristics of both, and a rationale for why blending them is the right choice. There are many ways to incorporate blended classroom learning to include preparing employees before class, assessing learning after course, and adding more depth to classroom training (Beinicke, & Kyndt, 2019).
https://elearninginfographics.com/classroom-training-elearning-why-blending-is-right-choice/
Effective Blended Learning Strategies Using Digital Formats: This infographic explains how to enhance the power of the learning experience by using the outlined blended learning strategies identified. The infographic provides a side-by-side comparison of the characteristic of classroom training and Elearning and provides the strengths and limitations of each. The infographic also provides tips for incorporated blended learning within an organization (Kipp, & Patrick, 2013).
https://elearninginfographics.com/effective-blended-learning-strategies-digital-formats/
Implementing Blended Learning? A Quick Reference for Training Managers: This infographic is a handy reference for training managers implementing blended learning offerings. Topics covered include tips for using blended learning in the classroom and when to use Elearning in blended learning. The authors point out that using classroom training alone is no longer effective and does not make business sense for organizations (Bersin, & Books, 2004).
https://elearninginfographics.com/implementing-blended-learning-quick-reference-training-managers/
Here is a YouTube video that provides the basics of blended learning.
This video offers the fundamentals of blended learning in the classroom to include a basic high-level definition, the benefits of leveraging blended learning through technology to provide students with skills and concepts of blended learning, blended learning models. Teachers can provide differentiated instruction based on individual student needs based on data received (Norberg, Dziuban, & Moskal, 2011).
Adaptive Learning
Description
Adaptive learning programs use data and technology that adapt to the learner based on their responses and interaction (Smith, 2018). Specialized software, adaptive content management systems, educational robots, and cloud-based software applications personalize learning to students as they progress through the material (Marienko, Nosenko, Sukhikh, Tataurov, & Shyshkina, 2020). The benefit of this teaching style is that multiple learners may take the same course but have different experiences based on their experience levels and perception as the online technology detects the student’s learning style and provides instructors the opportunity to personalize the learning( Azzi, Jeghal, Radouane, Yahyaouy, & Tairi, 2020).
Best practices for Adaptive Teaching include (Vaughn, Parsons, Gallagher, & Branen, 2016):
- The educator’s ability to take advantage of unexpected questions and incidents to apply the Adaptive Learning theory
- Understand the unique needs and knowledge learners bring to the topic
- The educator’s willingness to know and assess learners constantly to individualize the subject to the learner
- The educator’s willingness to reflect on one’s practice and have a vision and long-term plan for their instruction
- Understand and accept that each individual generates one’s own learning experience and interprets information differently than others due to one’s unique world perspective (Xie, Chu, Hwang, & Wang, 2019).
Click on the infographic link to learn more about Adaptive Learning.
Adaptive Learning. Dynamic Solutions for a Responsive and Effective Approach to Learning: This infographic provides a definition and approach to adaptive learning and five areas where organizations can take an effective and responsible learning approach. These areas are leadership development, certification programs, technology rollout, implementation, soft skills, and team collaboration. The information also provides top benefits of adaptive learning, the rationale for choosing adaptive learning (Liu, McKelroy, Corliss, & Carrigan, 2017).
https://www.raytheon.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/adaptive-learning-infographic.pdf
Here is a YouTube video that describes Adaptive Learning. What is Adaptive Learning? What does Adaptive Learning Mean? Adaptive Learning Meaning and Explanation.
In this video, you will learn that adaptive learning is an educational method that uses computers as interactive teaching devices and can adapt the learning to each learner’s unique needs based on how the learner responds to questions, experiences, and tasks. Adaptive learning technology encompasses various aspects of brain science, psychology, computer science, and education (Levy, 2013; 2012; 2015).
Other Considerations
In an increasingly global environment, tech-savvy students want active opportunities to engage and consume content in an online platform (Stoeger, 2010). Research shows that facilitating an online classroom can be as beneficial as the traditional classroom regarding skill retention and mastery, behavior change, participant engagement, and organizational results. Meta-analytics examined the effectiveness of Web-based instruction compared to classroom instruction, and results indicated Web-based training was 6% more effective (Sitzmann, Kraiger, Stewart, & Wisher, 2006). However, using technology alone does not equip the educator to create a student-centered learning environment.
The pace of new technology available requires that trainers and educators shift from teaching in a classroom to leveraging best practices in a virtual environment. To effectively make the shift, educators need a new mindset and skillset to increase competence and confidence to engage students to effectively transition to a virtual environment (Bullock, 2011). Key areas to transition to teaching in a virtual environment include:
- Learning various online platforms such as WebEx, Zoom, Adobe Connect, and Microsoft Teams
- Creating an effective virtual office space that includes proper lighting (Huggett, C. (n.d.)
- Learning how to facilitate in a virtual environment (Huggett, C. (n.d.)
- Establishing a positive virtual learning environment and encouraging student engagement
- Knowledge of the various learning theories such as Narrative, Self-directed, Experiential, McClusky’s Theory of Margin (Smith, 2018).
Scholarly Research
References
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Author
Sandra E. Donati
School of Education, Regent University
EFND 726: Foundations of Online Learning
Dr. Joy Yaeger
April 11, 2021
Sandra Donati founded a certified veteran-owned small business in 2016 that specializes in Leadership Training and Development. Ms. Donati served her country with distinction during Desert Shield and Desert Storm and is a world-class facilitator, speaker, educator, trainer, coach and consultant. She has access to a cadre of world-class educators offering professional development training and solutions to government and corporate entities. Employees are an organization’s greatest asset with the foundation for success dependent on great leaders who are both mission and people-focused. InteGreat Peak Performance Work. Life. Play. LLC is headquartered in the National Capital Region (NCR) providing services both nationally and internationally.
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Sandra Donati
Sandra Donati founded a certified veteran-owned small business in 2016 that specializes in Leadership Training and Development. Ms. Donati served her country with distinction during Desert Shield and Desert Storm and is a world-class facilitator, speaker, educator, trainer, coach and consultant. She has access to a cadre of world-class educators offering professional development training and solutions to government and corporate entities. Employees are an organization’s greatest asset with the foundation for success dependent on great leaders who are both mission and people-focused. InteGreat Peak Performance Work. Life. Play. LLC is headquartered in the National Capital Region (NCR) providing services both nationally and internationally.